All About Colonoscopy

Colonoscopies are a common medical procedure that are essential for diagnosing digestive health issues. During the procedure, a thin and flexible tube equipped with a camera and light source, known as a colonoscope, is inserted through the anus and advanced into the rectum and colon. This allows the doctor to view images of the lining of the large intestine on a video monitor and identify any abnormalities or precancerous growths.

Why is a colonoscopy recommended?

Colonoscopies may be recommended as a screening test for colorectal cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. They may also be recommended by a doctor to evaluate symptoms such as bleeding and chronic diarrhea. In order to prepare for a colonoscopy, a patient may be required to follow certain dietary restrictions and undergo a colon cleansing routine, which may involve consuming a large volume of a special cleansing solution or special oral laxatives. This is to ensure that the colon is completely clean for the procedure to be accurate and comprehensive.

What happens during a colonoscopy?

During the colonoscopy, the patient will usually be given a sedative or painkiller to help them relax and better tolerate any discomfort. The procedure itself usually takes less than 45 minutes, although patients should plan on two to three hours for waiting, preparation, and recovery. In some cases, the colonoscope may not be able to pass through the entire colon to reach the small intestine. If this occurs, the doctor may recommend additional testing.

What happens after a colonoscopy?

After the colonoscopy, the patient may experience cramping or bloating due to the air introduced into the colon during the examination, but this should disappear quickly when gas is passed. The results of the examination will be explained to the patient by their doctor, although they may have to wait for the results of any biopsies that were taken. It is important for someone to drive the patient home and stay with them after the procedure, as the effects of the sedatives may impair their judgment and reflexes for the rest of the day. The patient may be able to eat after the colonoscopy, but their doctor may recommend certain restrictions on their diet and activities, particularly after a polypectomy.

Can I take my current medications?

It is important for patients to inform their doctor about any medications they are currently taking, as some medications may interfere with the preparation or the examination, such as aspirin products, arthritis medications, blood thinners, clopidogrel, insulin, or iron products. Patients should also disclose any allergies they have to medications.